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Comparative urbanism in archaeology
| Citace: |
BAUMANOVÁ, M.., VIS, B.. Comparative urbanism in archaeology. In Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology. Cham : Springer, 2020, s. 2593-2602. ISBN: 978-3-030-30016-6
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| Druh: | KAPITOLA V KNIZE |
| Jazyk publikace: | eng |
| Anglický název: | Comparative urbanism in archaeology |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Místo konání: | Cham |
| Název zdroje: | Springer |
| Autoři: | Monika Baumanová M.A., Ph.D. , Dr. Benjamin Vis FHEA |
| Abstrakt EN: | Urbanism, its origins, form, and characteristics, is a pivotal subject of interests in archaeological investigations. The theme of urbanism has played an active role in the (re)definitions of theoretical paradigms, methodological advances as well as in explaining some of the large-scale transformations in the human past. The significance of the study of urbanism was originally established through regional foci on the Near East and Europe, especially Mesopotamia, the Greek Polis, and the Roman Empire. Thanks to broadening its scope over time, and the increasing availability of archaeological datasets with improving quality, coverage, resolution, and analytical rigor, the archaeology of urbanism now progressively reveals the great variety of urban form and life that has populated the globe throughout human history. Cities and urban landscapes constitute a determinant factor in the development of many more regions than previously thought. Urban societies emerged independently and flourished in highly diverse cultural, social, economic, political, and environmental conditions (see further reading, e.g.). This is now known to include most of the Global South, while before the importance of urbanism in, e.g., sub-Saharan Africa, Central-, and North America was often denied or diminished in scientific discourse. Recently, these previously marginalized regions started to inform urban studies both within and beyond archaeology.With the growing number of case studies emerging around the world, archaeologists have begun to juxtapose evidence on ancient urban settlements and processes of urbanization. Consequently, comparative approaches are regaining importance, because systematic and intensive comparison of equivalent data enables and enhances knowledge production on the sociocultural, functional, and environmental characteristics of urbanism both in individual cases and across regions. In this way, comparative urbanism facilitates the recognition and articulation of cross-cultural patterns and caters for discourse shaped by urban analysis and interpretation that is directly relevant for the understanding of societies and human-environment relations in the past, as well as processes and possibilities in the present. |
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